[Impact on the Microbial Biomass and Metabolic Function of Carbon Source by Black Soil During Rice Cultivation].

The effects of rice cultivation to the black soil microbial communities, which the experimentation area of Shuangyang District Agricultural Technology Extension Station in Changchun city, Jilin Province of northeastern China, were studied by using the method of phospholipid fatty acids and Biolog ECO-microplate culture. Results showed that the content of organic matter in space was the highest, fewer in the field, and the minimum in the rhizosphere, that change trend of total nitrogen and organic matter was similar in soil. The quantity of organic matter in summer sample was the highest. The microbial fun6tional diversity was significantly higher in summer than that in spring and autumn and showed no significant difference between spring and autumn. For summer and the lowest in winter, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index of the space were higher than the field and the rhizosphere. The time of microbial growth into the stable period and peak value of the average well color development were different in all samples, that the time was 216 h, 192 h, 216 h, 120 h, which varied from 0.52-0.84, 0.82-1.28, 0.40-0.84, 0.05-0.48, respectively. The result showed that the time of microbial growth into the stable period was similar in spring and autumn, the highest was in summer and the lowest was in winter. Above all, these results would provide more important characteristics of microbial features in the degradation and restoration process of the quality of the black soil habitat scientifically.

[Running Condition and Bacterial Community Associated with the Partial Nitritation System].

In partial nitritation process, the sludge concentration was higher than 4000 mg x L(-1), DO was less than 0.2 mg x L(-1), the temperature of 15-29 degrees C, the reactor HRT of 4.6 h, and the circulation ratio was 75%, not only the microbial biomass reached the highest value but also the ratio of nitrite to ammonium of the effluent could be controlled at approximate 1.0 by adjusting the dissolved oxygen concentration. A quantitative PCR and the 16S rRNA genes clone library results demonstrated that ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were the dominant among nitrite-oxidizing bacteria at low dissolve oxygen concentration, that the bacteria promoted the running of the partial nitritation. Compared with conventional nitrification systems, in partial nitritation process, Nitrobacter and Nitrospira could not be detected among the system, and abundance of Planctomycetes was higher in partial nitritation process than that of conventional nitrification systems. Phylogenetic analysis of bacterial amoA gene sequences suggested that ammonia-oxidizing bacteria of the partial nitritation system was dominated by Nitrosomonas sequences, so partial nitritation is to be feasible technically and economically.